Accurate CNN-based pupil segmentation with an ellipse fit error regularization term

AKINLAR C., Kucukkartal H. K., Topal C.

Expert Systems with Applications, cilt.188, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 188
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116004
  • Dergi Adı: Expert Systems with Applications
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, INSPEC, Metadex, Public Affairs Index, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Pupil segmentation, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), UNet, Loss function, Regularization term, EYE-TRACKING, COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH, GAZE, MOVEMENTS, ALGORITHM, EDGE
  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

© 2021 Elsevier LtdSemantic segmentation of images by Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCN) has gained increased attention in recent years as FCNs greatly outperform traditional segmentation algorithms. In this paper we propose using Ellipse Fit Error as a shape prior regularization term that can be added to a pixel-wise loss function, e.g., binary cross entropy, to train a CNN for pupil segmentation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method by training a lightweight UNet architecture, and use three widely used real-world datasets for pupil center estimation, i.e., ExCuSe, ElSe, and Labeled Pupils in the Wild (LPW), containing a total of ∼230.000 images for performance evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives the best-known pupil detection rates for all datasets.