XR-Driven Robotic System Training for Occupational Health, Safety, and Maintenance

Esen Y. E., Cetincan B. K., YAYAN K., Gurlek H. G., YAYAN U.

IEEE Access, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1109/access.2025.3556699
  • Journal Name: IEEE Access
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Keywords: Augmented Reality, Extended Reality, Human-Robot Collaboration, Immersive Learning, Industry 5.0, Virtual Reality Training, Workforce Development and XR in Manufacturing
  • Eskisehir Osmangazi University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The integration of Extended Reality (XR) technologies into Industry 5.0 offers innovative solutions for industrial training by overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, such as high costs, inefficiencies, and production disruptions. These technologies enable immersive and scalable training environments, providing workers with hands-on experience while minimizing risks and resource constraints. This study presents an XR-based training platform designed to enhance workforce skills in health and safety, robotic system operations, and maintenance through immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) scenarios. Evaluated by 22 participants from diverse professional backgrounds, the platform achieved a 50% reduction in training time compared to conventional methods, while significantly improving skill acquisition and task efficiency. Participants rated immersive VR environments highly (4.4/5) for engagement and knowledge retention, with usability and instructions also scoring positively (4/5). Scenario-based performance showed the average scores in health and safety tasks (72 points), while robotic system operations (60 points) and maintenance (54 points) reflected increasing task complexity. Despite moderate cognitive demands, the platform effectively balanced mental effort with engagement, providing an accessible and effective training experience. These findings underscore the potential of XR technologies to transform industrial training by enhancing efficiency, safety, and scalability, aligning with the evolving needs of Industry 5.0.