Secondary Metabolites of Actinomycetes and Their Uses in Agriculture.


Ünal F.

5th Internatıonal Balkan Agriculture Congress, Edirne, Türkiye, 20 - 23 Eylül 2023, ss.515-527

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: Edirne
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.515-527
  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

In recent years, due to the increase in agricultural production and the disadvantages of chemicals, alternative control studies have been focused on in agriculture. In this study, especially soil microorganisms Actinomycetes bacteria play an important role. Their multifunctional activities, including nutrient cycling, soil quality and crop productivity, as well as plant health, make them an environmentally friendly alternative not only for agriculture but also for humanity. Therefore, this study includes the importance of Actinobacteria as microbial biopesticides and biofertilizers, and highlights the future needs of using these bacteria in sustainable agriculture. These bacteria are characterized as a unique group due to their similarity to fungi due to their morphological structure in the form of mycelium. However, they are closer to bacteria because they are unicellular and do not contain chitin and cellulose in their cell walls. Among the microbial secondary metabolites produced by Actinomycetes; antibiotics, vitamins, pigments, toxins and substances effective in symbiosis, Biosurfactants, enzymes (amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase), pheromones (Streptomyces werraensis LD22), compounds that affect the immune system, receptor antagonists and agonists, pesticides, antitumor agents, and plant and animal growth regulators and hormones. These secondary metabolisms are generally controlled by a group of genes in DNA. Of over 23,000 known microbial secondary metabolites, 42 % are produced by Actinomycetes, 42 % by fungi and 16 % by other bacteria. In this study, plant growth and yield promoting activities of Actinomycetes in important cultivated plants, their antifungal, antibacterial, herbicidal, insecticidal properties and their licensed preparations in the market are included. So future research should focus on number and quality of commercial products improvement. The lack awareness for farmers to use biopesticides and biofertilizers is a challenge to be taken up for an implementation for large scale of biopesticides and biofertilizers application in agriculture. Currently, the development of synthetic biology and nano-biotechnology advance provide opportunities to develop microbial and bioactive biofertilizers with a broad spectrum of application in different agro-systems. Therefore, research efforts should focus on these subjects.