Magnetic Activated Carbon Prepared From Hazelnut Shell as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Özpınar P., Doğan C., DEMİRAL H., MORALI U., ŞAMDAN C., DEMİRAL İ.

ChemistrySelect, cilt.11, sa.9, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 11 Sayı: 9
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1002/slct.202505900
  • Dergi Adı: ChemistrySelect
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: binder, equivalent circuit modeling, hazelnut shell, magnetic activated carbon, supercapacitor electrode
  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The development of high-performance electrode materials remains critical for advancing next-generation supercapacitors. Here, we present a magnetic activated carbon (MAC) derived from hazelnut shells through a one-step (Formula presented.) activation route, yielding an exceptionally porous structure with a specific surface area of 2092 (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.) and a micropore volume of 0.75 (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.). Leveraging this high-surface-area carbon, electrodes were fabricated using two commonly employed binders— polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)—to elucidate how binder selection governs electrochemical behavior. Comprehensive electrochemical analyses (CV, GCD, and EIS) revealed a marked binder-dependent performance: at 0.75 (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.), PVDF-based electrodes delivered a higher capacitance (213.33 (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.)) than their PTFE counterparts (194.22 (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.)). Impedance modeling further showed that PVDF enhances pore-confined charge storage, whereas PTFE favors surface-controlled processes. These contrasting mechanisms highlight binder selection as a decisive design parameter. Overall, the results demonstrate that PVDF is advantageous for low-current applications requiring efficient pore utilization, while PTFE is better suited for high-current operation where rapid surface charge transfer is essential.