Non-allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology


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Hellings P. W., Klimek L., CİNGİ C., Agache I., Akdis C., Bachert C., ...More

ALLERGY, vol.72, no.11, pp.1657-1665, 2017 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 72 Issue: 11
  • Publication Date: 2017
  • Doi Number: 10.1111/all.13200
  • Journal Name: ALLERGY
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.1657-1665
  • Keywords: classification, nonallergic rhinitis, rhinitis, treatment, REDUCES NASAL HYPERREACTIVITY, COLD DRY AIR, VASOMOTOR RHINITIS, DOUBLE-BLIND, ASPIRIN DESENSITIZATION, CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS, INTRANASAL CAPSAICIN, IDIOPATHIC RHINITIS, MIXED RHINITIS, PREVALENCE
  • Eskisehir Osmangazi University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This EAACI position paper aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview on nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). A significant number of patients suffering from persistent rhinitis are defined as nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis (NANIR) patients, often denominated in short as having NAR. NAR is defined as a symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa with the presence of a minimum of two nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and/or itchy nose, without clinical evidence of endonasal infection and without systemic signs of sensitization to inhalant allergens. Symptoms of NAR may have a wide range of severity and be either continuously present and/or induced by exposure to unspecific triggers, also called nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR). NHR represents a clinical feature of both AR and NAR patients. NAR involves different subgroups: drug-induced rhinitis, (nonallergic) occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis (including pregnancy rhinitis), gustatory rhinitis, senile rhinitis, and idiopathic rhinitis (IR). NAR should be distinguished from those rhinitis patients with an allergic reaction confined to the nasal mucosa, also called entopy or local allergic rhinitis (LAR). We here provide an overview of the current consensus on phenotypes of NAR, recommendations for diagnosis, a treatment algorithm, and defining the unmet needs in this neglected area of research.