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in: Recycling Technologies for Secondary Zn-Pb Resources, Muammer Kaya, Editor, Springer, London/Berlin , New York, pp.365-400, 2023
This chapter covers the impurity removal techniques before electrowinning. Alkaline hydraulic NaOH precipitation, Zn dust cementation, and Na2S precipitation can be used to purify ZnSO4 and PbSO4 PLSs. Fe and As impurities can be removed by NaOH + H2O2 hydraulic precipitation at a pH of 3.5. Al, Cu, and Cd can be precipitated at pH: 5.0 using Zn dust. Two-stage separate precipitation performed better impurity removal than combined one-stage precipitation. Na2S precipitation of PbSO4 and Pb brine solution was also covered in detail.