Fluoride in Raw Rice (Oryza sativa): a Global Systematic Review and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment

Ali S., Mehri F., Nasiri R., Limam I., Fakhri Y.

Biological Trace Element Research, cilt.202, sa.9, ss.4324-4333, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 202 Sayı: 9
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s12011-023-04004-4
  • Dergi Adı: Biological Trace Element Research
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.4324-4333
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Fluoride, Monte Carlo simulation, Oryza sativa, Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment, Rice
  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the essential staple foods highly consumed globally, with nearly 40% to 45% of the global population estimated to consume rice. Therefore, consumable rice should have low levels of harmful elements. This study investigates fluoride (F¯) content in raw rice (uncooked rice) and evaluates Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment (PHRA) through Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) due to the consumption of F¯ enriched rice. The literature review reveals that limited studies have been conducted on the investigation of F¯ in raw rice. The fluoride (F¯) concentration in raw rice varies across the studied countries, indicating the need for additional studies to facilitate a more accurate comparison. The F¯ content in raw rice varied among the studied countries, making it difficult to definitively state that the concentration of F¯ in one country is higher. However, the concentration of F¯ in raw rice in India is notably elevated. This study also highlighted the importance of investigating the F¯ content in raw rice. The study will be highly helpful for policymakers to formulate guidelines for water used for irrigation.