Progress in Engineering Science, cilt.3, sa.1, 2026 (Scopus)
The continuous improvement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been marked by a steady rise in energy density, primarily driven by advancements in materials and cell design. Nevertheless, despite notable progress since their inception, achieving the targeted energy density remains a considerable challenge. While much of the research emphasizes the development of novel materials, the core difficulty in commercialization lies in optimizing and integrating these materials into practical systems. Such optimization not only improves compatibility with existing technologies but also offers the potential to enhance the performance of current LIB cells. In this study, fundamental calculations of cell energy density were performed across all battery components to investigate strategies for achieving targeted values. To ensure accuracy, both theoretical and empirical equations reported in the literature were employed. Furthermore, the challenges associated with optimizing individual parameters, alongside recent developments addressing these limitations, are comprehensively discussed.