PAIN
ADVANCES IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE OF ACUTE DISEASES AND INJURIES, Prof. Dr. Özgür KARCIOĞLU, Editör, Turkiye Klinikleri, Ankara, ss.43-57, 2025
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Mesleki Kitap
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.5336/978-625-395-809-1
- Yayınevi: Turkiye Klinikleri
- Basıldığı Şehir: Ankara
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.43-57
- Editörler: Prof. Dr. Özgür KARCIOĞLU, Editör
- Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Pain is one of the most common reasons for admission to emergency departments and a key factor guiding diagnosis and treatment. Effective management requires accurate assessment through validated scales such as the Numeric Rating Scale, Visual Analog Scale, or facial expression tools, particularly for children and cognitively impaired patients. Pharmacological treatment is the mainstay: acetaminophen and NSAIDs are preferred for mild to moderate pain, while opioids like morphine and fentanyl are reserved for severe cases with careful monitoring. Adjuvant drugs such as gabapentinoids are useful in neuropathic pain. Nonpharmacological methods, including cold/heat application, positioning, relaxation, and cognitivebehavioral therapy, complement drug therapy and reduce opioid use. Current approaches emphasize multimodal, patientcentered strategies, while future perspectives highlight digital health, AIbased tools, and pharmacogenetics to individualize pain management.