Evaluation of color stability in single-shade composite resins using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized mobile photography
BMC Oral Health, vol.25, no.1, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 25 Issue: 1
- Publication Date: 2025
- Doi Number: 10.1186/s12903-025-05651-w
- Journal Name: BMC Oral Health
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Keywords: Aesthetic dentistry, Brushing, Color stability, Cross-polarized photography, Single-shade composite resin, Spectrophotometer, Staining, Thermal cycling
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term color stability of single-shade composite resins when exposed to simulated intraoral conditions, including staining, brushing, and thermal cycling. Additionally, the study compared the performance of spectrophotometry and cross-polarized (CP) photography in detecting color changes, focusing on their applicability for both clinical and research purposes. Materials and methods: The study employed five single-shade composite resins (Omnichroma; OMN, Zenchroma; ZNC, Vittra APS Unique; VTR, Charisma One; CHR, and Essentia Universal; ESU) and one multi-shade composite resin (Filtek Z550: FLT) for testing. The specimens were subjected to thermal cycling, staining, and brushing to simulate intraoral conditions. Color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer and CP photography at the initial baseline (t0) and following each subsequent procedure 10-day (t1) and 1-year simulated staining, brushing and thermal cycling (t2). Color differences (ΔE1, ΔE2) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk for normality, ANOVA and paired t-tests for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests for non-parametric data. Method consistency was evaluated with the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (p < 0.05). Results: All composite groups demonstrated statistically significant color changes following the simulated conditions (p < 0.001). The CHR group exhibited the highest values for both ΔE1 and ΔE2, indicating the greatest degree of discoloration. The FLT and ZNC groups exhibited the lowest ΔE values across methods at various time points. A positive correlation was identified between spectrophotometer and CP photography measurements for all parameters (p < 0.001), although the correlation for ΔE1 and ΔE2 was less robust. Conclusions: Single-shade composites display a high susceptibility to significant discoloration when subjected to simulated intraoral conditions, with CHR exhibiting the most pronounced alterations. Both spectrophotometry and CP photography were effective in assessing color stability, with CP photography offering a practical alternative for clinical settings. These findings offer insight into the aesthetic durability of single-shade composites and underscore the importance of long-term evaluations.