Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
sa.104, ss.58-66, 2026 (Hakemsiz Dergi)
The cement industry, responsible for approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions, faces unprecedented pressure to transition toward carbon neutrality. This comprehensive review examines the current state of the cement industry, identifies key environmental challenges, and evaluates emerging sustainable technologies and strategies for decarbonization. With annual production exceeding 4.4 billion tonnes, cement remains the second most-used material globally after water, making its sustainable transformation critical for achieving global climate targets. This paper synthesizes recent advances across multiple decarbonization pathways, including energy efficiency improvements, alternative fuels and materials, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS), electrification, and circular economy approaches. We analyze the technical feasibility, economic viability, and implementation challenges of each pathway, drawing on case studies from industry leaders and pilot projects worldwide. Key findings indicate that achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 requires a portfolio approach combining incremental improvements (30% reduction by 2030), scaled deployment of CCUS (60% reduction by 2040), and breakthrough technologies. Policy frameworks including carbon pricing, performance standards, and R&D support are identified as critical enablers. While significant barriers remain—including high capital costs, long asset lifespans, and infrastructure lock-in—the technological foundations for sustainable cement production exist today. Success requires coordinated action across industry, government, and research institutions, with estimated investment needs of $140-180 billion globally by 2050.