Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Ceramics International, cilt.52, sa.6, ss.6953-6961, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Sodium-titanium-silicate glasses with the nominal composition of 1TiO2 - 1Al2O3 - 3CaO - 25Na2O - (70−x)SiO2: xPbO (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching method to investigate the impact of PbO incorporation on their electrical and optical properties. The study comprehensively evaluted density, molar volume, DC conductivity over a wide temperature range, and UV-Vis absorption behavior. The addition of PbO led to a measurable increase in both density and molar volume, which was attributed to the high atomic mass and structural influence of Pb2+ions within the glass matrix. All compositions exhibited insulating behavior at room temperature, while low-temperature conductivity was governed by a small polaron hopping mechanism. Optical measurements revealed that moderate PbO content (5 wt%) enhanced transparency, whereas higher levels introduced localized defects that reduced overall transmittance. Furthermore, the estimated optical band gap (Eopt), Urbach energy (EU), and defect energy (Ed) values indicated a gradual reduction in structural disorder with increasing PbO content. In addition, spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis provided refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) spectra in the near-infrared range, confirming that PbO incorporation results in a slight but consistent increase in optical density. This behavior is attributed to the combined effects of Pb2+polarizability, increased material density, and the formation of non-bridging oxygen sites. These results hifhlight that PbO can be effectively utilized to tune the structural and functional properties of silicate-based glasses, suggesting their potential applicability in optical and insulating devices.