Triisopropylsilylethynyl-thienyl substituted indenofluorene-based donor-acceptor-donor small molecule: Design, synthesis and physicochemical characterization


ÖZDEMİR R.

Journal of Molecular Structure, cilt.1354, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 1354
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.144903
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Molecular Structure
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Hybrid local charge transfer (HLCT), Molecular engineering, Organic small molecule, Photochemistry, pi-conjugated system
  • Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Among π-conjugated small molecules with donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) architecture, indenofluorene (IF)-based systems have emerged as promising scaffolds due to their rigid and planar backbones, high charge carrier mobility, and synthetic versatility for band gap modulation. However, the strategic incorporation of triisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS-ethynyl) and thienyl substituents into an IF-based D-A-D systems remains underexplored, particularly with respect to balancing solubility, stability, and optoelectronic performance. In this work, a novel solution-processable TIPS-ethynyl–thienyl substituted IF-based D–A–D small molecule (IFDK-T-TIPS) was designed, synthesized, and its single-crystal structure, electrochemical, and physicochemical properties were studied. The introduction of TIPS-ethynyl enhances solubility and provides steric protection against aggregation, while the thienyl donor units extend π-conjugation and facilitate efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). In the solid state, IFDK-T-TIPS adopts a slightly S-shaped molecular framework with a highly coplanar π-scaffold, forming slipped π-stacked one-dimensional (1D) columnar motifs. The molecule also exhibits pronounced charge-transfer behavior in the excited state. This work presents the first D-A-D molecular semiconductor substituted with (trialkylsilyl)ethynyl (TIPS) groups along its long molecular axis. These findings elucidate the structure-property relationships of IFDK-T-TIPS, expand the library of solution-processable organic semiconductors and provide valuable insights into the molecular engineering of advanced D-A-D materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices.