in: Horizons in Earth Science Research Vol. 22, Benjamin Veress,Jozsi Szigethy, Editor, NOVA Science Publishers Inc. , New York, pp.118-184, 2021
ABSTRACT The up-to-date model of cost-effective manufacturing and consumption is unsustainable; if the current production processes continue, the human race fights for natural resources. At present, earth resource extraction is significantly higher than its real capacity. This review chapter highlights the importance of the shift from the current conventional linear economy to a sustainable circular economy model to maximize the value of electronic waste (e-waste) by keeping it in the circular loop. After this change in the economic model, recycling, recovery, extraction, urban mining and green economy performance enable reusing, recycling, remanufacturing, and refurbishing of natural resources. Current businesses should redesign and restructure their actual processes for reducing the consumption of resources in an eco-friendly way. Final option should be the resource incineration and burying. E-waste recycling is a significant secondary resource of most metals and plastics. Informal and improper e-waste recycling creates significant environmental hazards and health effects. Shifting from the linear to the circular economy is not possible alone through the involvement and commitment effort of an individual entity. Regional, governmental, and international efforts are mandatory for synergistic effect creation.