Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
5th Internatıonal Balkan Agriculture Congress, Edirne, Türkiye, 20 - 23 Eylül 2023, ss.515-527
In
recent years, due to the increase in agricultural production and the
disadvantages of chemicals, alternative control studies have been focused on in
agriculture. In this study, especially soil microorganisms Actinomycetes
bacteria play an important role. Their multifunctional activities, including
nutrient cycling, soil quality and crop productivity, as well as plant health,
make them an environmentally friendly alternative not only for agriculture but
also for humanity. Therefore, this study includes the importance of Actinobacteria
as microbial biopesticides and biofertilizers, and highlights the future needs
of using these bacteria in sustainable agriculture. These bacteria are
characterized as a unique group due to their similarity to fungi due to their
morphological structure in the form of mycelium. However, they are closer to
bacteria because they are unicellular and do not contain chitin and cellulose
in their cell walls. Among the microbial secondary metabolites produced by Actinomycetes;
antibiotics, vitamins, pigments, toxins and substances effective in symbiosis,
Biosurfactants, enzymes (amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase), pheromones
(Streptomyces werraensis LD22), compounds that affect the immune system,
receptor antagonists and agonists, pesticides, antitumor agents, and plant and
animal growth regulators and hormones. These secondary metabolisms are
generally controlled by a group of genes in DNA. Of over 23,000 known microbial
secondary metabolites, 42 % are produced by Actinomycetes, 42 % by fungi
and 16 % by other bacteria. In this study, plant growth and yield promoting
activities of Actinomycetes in important cultivated plants, their
antifungal, antibacterial, herbicidal, insecticidal properties and their
licensed preparations in the market are included. So future research should
focus on number and quality of commercial products improvement. The lack
awareness for farmers to use biopesticides and biofertilizers is a challenge to
be taken up for an implementation for large scale of biopesticides and
biofertilizers application in agriculture. Currently, the development of
synthetic biology and nano-biotechnology advance provide opportunities to
develop microbial and bioactive biofertilizers with a broad spectrum of
application in different agro-systems. Therefore, research efforts should focus
on these subjects.