Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Chemical Engineering Communications, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-oxide NPs) were synthesized using a green method involving the mixing of an extract from dried leaf powders of raspberry, blackberry, and strawberry with an FeCl3 solution. Optimization of synthesis was conducted by the classical method, and the best conditions were pH 6, 0.5 M FeCl3, a 1:1 volume ratio, 30 min reaction time, and 25 °C. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM/EDS revealed a sheet-like morphology, FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, and XRD indicated an amorphous structure. The synthesized Fe-oxide NPs were then applied as a catalyst in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. The process confers benefits such as efficient purification over an extended pH range while obviating the necessity for neutralization following treatment. Various parameters—voltage, pH, reaction time, Na2SO4 concentration, and catalyst amount—were optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal design. The optimum conditions were pH 6.5 (dye solution pH), 0.30 g catalyst/300 mL, 12.5 V voltage, 50 min reaction time, 32 mM Na2SO4, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. ANOVA analysis revealed that reaction time had the greatest effect on color removal efficiency (43.09%), while pH showed the least influence (1.42%). A quadratic regression model between experimental and predicted efficiencies demonstrated strong agreement (R2 > 0.95). Under these conditions, 99.92% dye removal was achieved with an energy consumption of 37.64 Wh/L. Moreover, the catalyst retained its activity over three reuse cycles without significant loss.